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so as well Glenn's doing that I'm

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walking downstairs to where the tiger

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team is forming up as I walked

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downstairs I think literally we're going

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to have to do in minutes and hours it

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normally takes days and weeks we're

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going to be working outside all known

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design and test boundaries and the

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spacecraft walk into the room crowded

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noisy smoky a lot of confusion because

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many of the people just came in from the

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rest period haven't had a chance to get

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briefed go to the blackboard and for

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about 45 minutes to list the problems we

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expect to see our water system a freeze

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proponents may freeze batteries may

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freeze large numbers survival issues how

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do we navigate how do we get back

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through the Earth's atmosphere no one we

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finally finished this long list of must

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do's I give the team their mandate we

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have never lost an American in space and

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we sure as hell aren't going to lose one

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now this crew is coming home you got to

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believe it your team must believe it and

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we must make it happen and from that

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moment forward that team had their

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direction and over the next four days

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they pulled off a miracle bringing the

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crew of Apollo 13 home meanwhile in the

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control room upstairs Lenny's team has

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had the crew perform a very small

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maneuver we hadn't done anything

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spacecraft would have gone around the

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moon about five days later passed by

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earth missing it by roughly about 80,000

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miles but now with this maneuver were

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bringing the spacecraft back to earth

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and we've added some finality to the

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mission it's going to be too late but at

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least we're bringing the crew home now

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the Soviet Union has been listening to

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our communications they've been tracking

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us they know we got a mission in trouble

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they call us up give us our ship

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locations and offer their assistance

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rescuing the crew of Apollo 13 literally

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by now the entire world is helping us

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bring this crew home we don't have our

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first press conference because the media

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believes the crews lost and conclusion

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the press conference they are given the

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opportunity to come over into Mission

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Control set up business over there we

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patch all the voice communications into

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the communications booth where the press

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is so we're literally living in a

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fishbowl everything that we are saying

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and everything

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we're doing is being reported live to

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the world as it is happening plus 10

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hours we have accomplished team hand

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over one more time and Mission Control

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this was one of the real miracles of 13

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these teams kept changing like clockwork

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so that each one of the teams would pick

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up their set of responsibilities carry

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the problems forward to the next shift

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work the problem so they came about and

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Miller's maroon team now has the helm

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and things have settled down to the

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point where he got plenty of time to

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talk to the crew but most importantly

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we're gone through the events leading up

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to and after the explosion trying to

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figure out what on board the damaged

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spacecraft will be useful in coming up

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with our return plan 24 hours after the

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explosion my team is back on console

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again get home fast maneuver is on board

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the spacecraft power management plan is

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in work we figured out how to navigate

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that was one of the difficulties that we

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had because with this debris cloud

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surrounding the spacecraft we no longer

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could see our navigational star so we

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had to come up with new techniques to

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navigate using Sun Earth and Moon and we

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voiced this instruction up to the crew

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so the crews all set up for the maneuver

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very tight limits upon all the

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propulsion parameters crew calls out

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engines start and the engines

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fishtailing it's not steering properly I

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say prep what the hell's going on he

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says give it a few more seconds late

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let's just watch it and we watch that

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engine settles down starts thrusting

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correctly four and a half minutes later

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crew call shutdown and then they start

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their post burn report and we

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immediately recognize our mistake when

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it computed the engine trim for the

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start of the maneuver we assume two

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crewmen would be in the lunar module and

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one crewman would be in the command

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module well that assumption was wrong so

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from now on and Mission Control there

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will be no more assumptions well the

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maneuver cut a day off the return

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journey it also changed our landing

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point we're now going to land in the

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South Pacific just east of Samoa so we

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send the aircraft carry evo Jima to the

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new landing location now the only

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management flap of Apollo 13 begins deke

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slayton comes up to me at the console

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leans over and says look

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I want you to get my crew to sleep but

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you damn tired they're going to make a

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mistake about the time I got his input

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my boss Chris Kraft gets me and he said

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nope using too much energy you ought to

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get that spacecraft power down well the

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third guy was max was a he's chief of

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engineering Max's nope don't listen to

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those two what you got to do is you got

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to restore thermal balance to the

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spacecraft well that was the direction

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that we are already going because we've

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been tracking temperatures for the

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previous 24 hours and the Sun side it

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was like plus 150 dark side minus 180 so

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he had a 330 degree temperature gradient

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across spacecraft systems in the dark

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side were freezing up but most

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importantly they were concerned about

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the structural integrity of the

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spacecraft so now we have no source of

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energy except the Sun so what we must do

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is invent a barbecue type maneuver we

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call it a passive thermal control role

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but we've never done this using the

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lunar module clusters because there does

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not locate in a favorable situation to

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do this probably one of the best

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teamwork examples of teamwork I've seen

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in Mission Control because for about a

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45-minute period of time we're literally

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conducting a physics experiment it's

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race pace we're trying to figure out

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what's trusts are such a thrusters or

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combinations of thrusters fired in which

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direction for how long will set up spin

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up condition we need after about 45

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minutes work we feel we got all the

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proper pieces we voice it up to the crew

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crew execute sit doesn't work were

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convinced we had the procedure right

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they must have missed one of the steps

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so we tell them to try it a second time

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and this time it works like a champ

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spacecraft is spitting perfectly on its

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axis Sun heating all sides now they can

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power down the spacecraft we bring it

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down to a level of just a couple hundred

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watts which isn't up just enough to

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operate a small fan provide power for

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communications now you know it's going

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to get as cold as a meat locker inside

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the spacecraft we can also go off and

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get some rest because we've been

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operating over 60 hours continuously by

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this time now our arresting engineering

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comes up with the solution to another

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problem we got this was very well

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depicted in the movie Apollo 13 our crew

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is about 10 hours from suffocation we

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backs basically re breathe the oxygen in

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the spacecraft we run it through a

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canister containing chemical called

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lithium hydroxide which basically

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removes the carbon dioxide's from the

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crew breathing and the atmosphere we

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only had enough of these cylindrical

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canisters in the lunar module for two

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people for two days so the carbon

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dioxide partial pressure is building up

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and they feel the crews about ten hours

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from asphyxiation due to carbon dioxide

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poisoning engineering comes up with the

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idea however we got plenty of square

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scrubbers over in the command module so

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they come up the idea building an

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adaptor made out of the cardboard cover

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from the flight plan a big plastic

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baggie we had on board we use a sock as

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a filter eyelash this thing together

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with duct tape and some hoses tested the

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labs voice the instructions up to the

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crew not only to build one of these guys

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but to build two of them put them in

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series so we can clean the atmosphere as

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rapidly as possible another example of

205
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the just-in-time engineering that we

206
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execute it on Apollo 13 at the time this

207
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device is coming in my team comes in

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from a risk period we got about six

209
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hours here return status is not very

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encouraging the water system is freezing

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up it's getting colder the spacecraft

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than we had expected it to so we have

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the crew transferring water to baggage

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so that has something to drink and

215
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rehydrate the food the Navy tells me a

216
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typhoon is building up in the exact

217
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landing area in bringing the spacecraft

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back to they want me to change the

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landing point but the problem that gets

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the immediate attention is the

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00:08:04,010 --> 00:08:02,730
trajectory team tells me we're going to

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miss the earth were to skip out

223
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trajectory now only fly back to earth

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they have to fly down a two and a half

225
00:08:11,780 --> 00:08:10,290
degree wide cone-shaped corridor if you

226
00:08:13,430 --> 00:08:11,790
come in too shallow we're going to skip

227
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off the Earth's atmosphere and go into

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an eternal orbit between Earth and Moon

229
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come in too steep we're going to burn up

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about 45 to 60 seconds just like the

231
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shuttle Columbia did a couple years ago

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now we have no computer we have no

233
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display system but we figured out a way

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00:08:30,830 --> 00:08:28,830
to perform maneuver we tell the crew to

235
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rotate the spacecraft so they can see

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the earth outside the two triangular

237
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windows and lunar module and on these

238
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when each window is a gunsight type

239
00:08:42,800 --> 00:08:39,960
optics that we use during rendezvous

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docking and for lunar navigation we tell

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the crew to align the y axis crosshair

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which is a horizontal one on the Earth's

243
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Terminator which is the light between

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day light and dark

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as you view the Earth from space and in

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this orientation the engine will be

247
00:09:00,110 --> 00:08:56,730
properly position to correct the

248
00:09:01,490 --> 00:09:00,120
trajectory we say to Jim Lovell gym when

249
00:09:03,710 --> 00:09:01,500
the engine starts looking through your

250
00:09:05,360 --> 00:09:03,720
sighting device at the earth you take

251
00:09:07,970 --> 00:09:05,370
your hand controller and keep deer from

252
00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:07,980
moving up and down and Fred Hayes and

253
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your side of spacecraft with the backup

254
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hand controller you keep the Earth from

255
00:09:15,530 --> 00:09:13,710
moving from left to right we tell Jack

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Swigert what 14 seconds in his